近日，多所高校公寓发生火灾，给学生的生命财产造成威胁。在此，留学生办公室为大家准备一些安全小常识，希望大家掌握一些防火知识，杜绝隐患，从我做起。
Fire is the most threatening disaster, and especially with the dry winter weather it is easy for a fire to rise. Lately, there have been a lot of fire accidents on campus due to students carelessly using some electric equipment and causing security and safety issues to others. In order to prevent these kind of incidents, the International Students Office prepared some safety tips for you.
一、如何预防火灾发生？
1、不违章用电，不乱拉电线，不在教室、宿舍以及公共场所吸烟，不乱丢烟头、火种；
2、不在床头使用蜡烛等明火照明，不在宿舍存放易燃易爆物品，台灯等热源不要靠近可燃物；
3、不在宿舍使用煤炉、液化炉、酒精炉等灶具，不使用电炉、“热得快”等大功率电器；
4、不在楼道堆放杂物，不焚烧垃圾。
How to prevent a fire?
Don’t break the power consuming regulations; don’t smoke in the room or in the public area and don’t throw burning cigarettes on the grass or ground.
Don’t use candles or store any inflammable/explosive materials in your dorm. (Coal, oven liquids, alcohol heaters etc.)
Don’t put any inflammable materials next to heat sources (lamp, heater etc.)
Don’ t block the emergency exits and do not burn any rubbish!
二、怎样打火警电话？
1、拨通“119”电话；（所有电话上都能打）
2、通话后，简要说明火灾发生的详细地址、时间、火势情况及发生火灾地方的周围环境；
3、最好说明引起火灾的原因，以及主要燃烧物和火灾现场周围有无易燃、易爆、有毒等危险品；
4、说明火灾现场能否进消防车，说出自己的姓名、联系电话、住址等，待对方挂断电话后再挂机。
How to call the fire brigade?
Call the “119” (you can use any phone to call them)
When they pick up the phone, explain shortly what happened, where you are (location), time, and what is next to the fire. (Explosive or any other dangerous articles)
Explain if there is any way for the fire engine, your name, location and cellphone number. Only hang up the phone after they hung up!
三、初期火灾如何扑救？
1、木头、纸张、棉布等起火，可以直接用水扑灭，用土、沙子、浸泡的棉被或毛毯等迅速覆盖在起火处，用扫帚、拖把等扑打，能扑灭小火；
2、油类、酒精等起火，不可用水去扑救，可用沙土或浸湿的棉被迅速覆盖；
3、煤气起火，可用湿毛巾盖住火点，迅速切断气源，电器起火，不可用水扑救，也不可用潮湿的物品捂盖。正确的方法是首先切断电源，然后再灭火。
How to extinguish a fire?
In order to extinguish a fire properly, please cut off the electricity supply first and then try to extinguish the fire.
If the fire was caused by wood, paper or cotton, you can use water, earth or sand, or any kind of soaked blanket or clothing to suffocate the fire.
If the fire was caused by kerosene, alcohol or similar kinds of firecracker, don’t use water to extinguish the fire, you can use sand to cover the liquids.
If the fire was caused by coal or gas, you can use any kind of soaked blankets or clothing, but never use only water to extinguish the fire!
四、火灾中如何逃生自救？
1、平时就要了解掌握火灾逃生的基本方法，熟悉逃生路线；
2、火灾袭来时要迅速逃生，不要贪恋财物；
3、受火势威胁时，要立即披上浸湿的衣物、被褥等向安全出口方向冲出去；穿过浓烟逃生时，要尽量使身体贴近地面，并用湿毛巾捂住口鼻；
4、身上着火，千万不要奔跑，可就地打滚或用厚重衣物压灭火苗；
5、遇火灾不可乘坐电梯，要向安全出口方向逃生，室外着火，门已发烫时，千万不要开门，以防大火窜入室内。要用浸湿的被褥、衣物等堵塞门窗，并泼水降温；
6、若所有逃生路线被大火封锁，要立即退回室内，用打手电筒、挥舞衣物、呼叫等方式向窗外发送求救信号、等待救援；
7、千万不要盲目跳楼，可利用疏散楼梯、阳台、排水管等逃生、或把床单、被套撕成条状连成结实的绳索，紧拴在窗框、铁栏杆等固定物上，顺绳滑下。
How to flee from a fire?
Only use the emergency exits!
Don’t bother to take any money or goods with you, just flee!
While trying to flee, try not to breath in the thick smoke. Take a wet towel and cover your mouth and nose.
If your clothes catches fire, roll on the ground in order to extinguish the fire.
Don’t use the elevator and only go through the emergency exits. If the door is already on fire, don’t open the door and go back into the interior and use wet towels or clothing to block the door and windows, in order to not let in more thick smoke. (If there is no signal or no phone, try to shout out of the window in order to get rescued)
Don’t jump out of the window or balcony! Try to tie up a bed sheet and other clothing, so you can slide down.
五、如何减轻浓烟的危害？
1、大量地喷水，降低浓烟的温度，抑制浓烟蔓延的速度，用毛巾或布蒙住口鼻，减少烟气的吸入，关闭或封住与着火房间相通的门窗，减少浓烟的进入；
2、穿越烟火区时，如黑烟不太浓，可俯下身子行走；如遇浓烟，须匍匐行走，在贴近地面30厘米的空气中，烟雾较为稀薄；
3、烟火上行，人要下行。高层建筑的电梯间、楼梯、通气孔道往往是火势蔓延上升的地方。
How to mitigate the thick smoke?
Try to spout water in the room in order to maintain a lower temperature in the room. Use a wet towel to cover your mouth and nose and try to close the doors and windows to prevent the smoke coming into the room.
If the smoke is not too thick, maintain your head as low as possible and try to walk out, if the smoke is already too thick, then try to crawl on the ground and go to the exit. (Maintain as near to the ground as possible (30cm) in order to breath better!)
If you are on a high floor, don’t go on the elevator or the stairs next to the elevator! Usually the fire comes from there.
留学生办公室
2017年11月20日
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